ideology
/ˌaɪ.diˈɒl.ə.dʒi/A set of ideas and beliefs that shapes how a group thinks about politics, society, or the economy. Ideologies usually guide political parties, governments, and social movements, and they influence decisions about how society should be organised.
- Capitalism and socialism are two very different ideologies.
- The party's ideology puts individual freedom above everything else.
- Many modern conflicts stem from clashing ideologies.
Adinary Nuance
Ideology is often used interchangeably with philosophy, worldview, and belief system, but each word fits a different situation. A philosophy is broader and more abstract — it asks deep questions about knowledge, existence, and values, and does not have to lead to political action. An ideology is more focused: it applies ideas directly to politics and society, and it motivates groups to act or govern in a certain way. A worldview tends to be personal and general, while an ideology is organised, often collectively shared, and tied to power and institutions. When you write about political parties, social movements, or economic systems, ideology is almost always the most precise and appropriate word.
In other languages
- Vietnamese
- Hệ tư tưởng
- Spanish
- Ideología
- Chinese
- 意识形态
- Japanese
- イデオロギー
- Korean
- 이데올로기
Etymology
From French *idéologie*, coined around 1796 by the philosopher Destutt de Tracy, combining Greek *idea* (form, concept) and *logos* (reason, word). It originally meant the "science of ideas" before it took on its modern political and social meaning in the 19th century.
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Frequently asked questions
- Is 'ideology' a formal word?
- Yes, it is formal and common in academic, political, and journalistic writing. It works well in IELTS essays and university assignments. In casual conversation, people often say 'beliefs' or 'views' instead.
- What is the difference between ideology and philosophy?
- A philosophy explores broad, abstract questions about life, knowledge, and values. An ideology is more action-focused — it applies ideas to politics and society and usually motivates a group to pursue specific goals or policies.
- Can I use 'ideology' in an IELTS essay?
- Absolutely. It is a high-frequency academic word and very appropriate for IELTS Task 2 essays on politics, society, or economics. For example: 'Democratic ideology places strong emphasis on individual rights.'
- Is ideology always about politics?
- In most common usage, yes. The word almost always refers to political or social beliefs. You can also hear 'corporate ideology' or 'feminist ideology,' but it rarely describes personal opinions that are unconnected to power or society.